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Machine vs Cross Direction

Machine direction is along the length of the roll, while cross direction is along the width of the roll.

Machine direction pertains to the front-to-back direction or front edge-to-core.

Cross (or web) direction pertains to the left-to-right direction or width.

Illustration-of-the-Paper-Machine-Discussed-in-Shainin-2008-Reprinted-with-permission (2)-1